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We’ve all heard the stories about job interviews gone wrong, like the eager young applicant who brought a sandwich to the interview, because, after all, it was lunch time.

我们都听过面试失败的案例，比如一个青年应聘者觉得午餐时间到了，兴冲冲地抓着一个三明治就去面试了。

But a candidate’s first impression begins long before the interview. It starts with cover letter and CV or resume, which often are far from blemish-free.

事实上，应聘者的第一印象早在面试前就形成了。一封求职信、一份简历都会是敲门砖，而这往往又是错漏百出的环节。

BBC Capital asked recruiters, hiring managers, and career coaches to share some of the most egregious errors they see in applications — and how to fix them.

BBC Capital咨询了招聘人员、招聘主管以及职业生涯教练，让他们说说自己见到的简历中最离谱的错误——以及如何补救。

Cut and paste isn’t your friend

复制粘贴?不!

Matthew Lanier, a Boston-based corporate recruiter at technology staffing firm Eliassen Group, recalls the resume of an applicant in her twenties, who had mostly retail and customer-service experience. So he was surprised when lower down on the CV, he found an executive-level position with a major finance company and dates of employment spanning almost 10 years. Turns out the applicant had searched professional-looking resumes online, found one she really liked, and cut and pasted her own experiences over it. But, she mistakenly left some of the other person’s work history and personal contact information on the document.

来自波士顿技术人员配备公司伊莱亚森集团(Eliassen Group)的招聘人员马修·拉尼尔(Matthew Lanier)想起他看过的一份简历。应聘者年纪尚浅，二十多岁，却拥有着零售和客服方面丰富的经验。让他大吃一惊的是，继续往下看，却发现简历上印着一家大金融公司的行政岗，应聘日期几乎有十年之久。原来，求职者在网上搜了一份看上去很专业的简历，觉得挺满意，就把自己的经历剪切上去。但是，她忘了把别人的工作经历和联系方式删去了。

“You have to assume that your entire resume will be looked at prior to being contacted, and that a careless mistake could be the difference between getting the job you want or being passed over,” wrote Lanier in an email.

拉尼尔在邮件中写到：“你要想，在收到面试通知前，你的简历是会被仔细考量的，而这种低级错误可能决定了你是否能得到工作。”

There’s also another important reason to take the extra time—you can more easily support your story in interviews, according to Lanier.

拉尼尔还说，在简历上多花点时间还有一个重要原因——在面试时，你要对自己的工作经历对答如流。

“There is a huge difference between the candidate who can naturally apply their experience to the questions being asked of them versus one who is looking down at their resume for every answer,” he said.

拉尼尔表示：“能轻轻松松用工作经历回答面试问题的，和那些问一句，看一眼简历的人真的差很多。”

Toss the form letter

扔掉千篇一律的模板吧!

When Ed Zitron, founder of EZPR, a public relations firm in San Francisco, listed an opening for a paid intern on InternMatch.com, he received more than 100 applications. Not one contained a personal cover letter.

旧金山公关公司EZPR的创始人艾德·基特隆(Ed Zitron)在实习生求职网(InternMatch.com)上发布了一个带薪实习岗后，收到了一百多份简历，但竟没有一份附有求职信。

“Every single one was a form letter, clearly copied and pasted,” said Zitron by email. Worse, almost none of the applicants even bothered to “put my name, or the firm's name, anywhere in the body” of the cover letter.

基特隆在邮件中说道：“每份简历长得都一样，全是复制粘贴，”更糟糕的是，几乎没人想着要把“我的名字，或是公司名写在求职信上”。

“I'm so easy to Google: you type my name in, there's my Twitter, there's my personal and my professional website,” Zitron said. “Getting even the most basic facts… is easy.”

基特隆说道：“在谷歌上搜我易如反掌：你输入我的名字，我的推特、个人和专业网站就都出来了。就连想了解一下我的基本信息也是……小菜一碟。”

His advice: Don’t send a generic cover letter, ever. Instead, share a bit of who you are and how that might relate to the position for which you are applying. Spend a few minutes Googling the firm. If you have a contact’s name, Google that person, too.

基特隆的建议是：绝对不要用千篇一律的求职信。你要做的，是简单介绍一下自己，以及这和你所申请的岗位有什么关系。花点时间搜索一下公司。如果你有联系人姓名，也搜索了解一下。

Be selective

要有针对性

Executive career coach Irene McConnell has clients who tell her they apply to more than 100 jobs per week. This is a big mistake, according to the director of Sydney-based Arielle Careers.

行政人员教练艾琳·麦康奈尔(Irene McConnell)说，有的客户表示，他们每周会投100多份简历。而据悉尼Arielle Careers公司的主管所言，这可是求职大忌。

“The recruiters remember your name and begin to associate it with ‘that dude/gal who spams me every time I put a job ad up’,” McConnell said.

麦康奈尔说道：“招聘人员会记住你的名字，然后觉得‘怎么我每放个招聘广告，这人都来，”。

Think of it like a house that’s on the market for too long. You start wondering what’s wrong with it and why it won’t sell.

联想一下那些市面上总卖不出去的房子。你会觉得，这房子到底有什么蹊跷，怎么总卖不出去。

Don’t think recruiters don’t know which applications have made the rounds. Some tell-tale signs: a resume and cover letter that are completely non-aligned, the wrong recruiter's name or an incorrect role of interest, according to McConnell. The recruiting world is a lot smaller than you might think.

麦康奈尔表示，不要觉得招聘人员看不出谁是费了心思，谁是随便投的。一些细节问题往往出卖了你：简历和求职信的格式七歪八扭，招聘人员的名字写错的，又或是应聘岗位填错了的。招聘圈子没你想得那么大。

“If you damage your reputation in the eyes of recruiters, it will be more difficult to get a call back even when you put a thought-through application in,” McConnell said.

麦康奈尔表示：“如果你在招聘人员那里把名声搞臭了。即使你以后再投一份精心准备的简历，想要重获岗位恐怕也是难上加难。”

Keep photos to yourself

照片就自己留着吧，别贴了!

Roy Cohen, a New York-based veteran career counsellor and executive coach, remembers when a new client included an image of herself in a bikini in her application packet.

来自纽约的资深职业顾问兼行政人员教练罗伊·科恩(Roy Cohen)表示，他最近的一个客户在自己的求职文件中放了一张自己的比基尼照。